翻译技巧之增补法(amplification)

由 **Admin** 周六九月 07, 2013 11:15 pm

增补法(amplification)是翻译时在译文中增加一些词语以符合译文语言的表达方式。
增补的前提是不损害原文的意思。
增补的效果是译文更加准确、通顺。
增补分为四类：结构性增补、语义性增补、修辞性增补、外化性增补。

一、结构性增补：只有增补一些词语才能时译文符合译语的语法规范和习惯用法。
1、He has been broadcasting for 4 hours without any mistakes.
他连续播音四小时，没有出现任何差错。（增补谓语动词）
2、The dean had a lot of work to do before the meeting.
主任在出席会议之前还有很多工作要做。（同上）
3、The big sites, which had the important political, economic and religious things going on, are almost all gone.
这些大的遗址，过去曾是进行重要的政治、经济和宗教活动的场所，现在几乎荡然无存了。（增补状语）
4、The best lubricant cannot maintain oil films between the su***ces of engineering gears.
即使最好的润滑油，在机械的啮合处也保不住油膜。（增补连接词）

二、语义性增补：增加适当的词语，以弥补译文语义的不足。不是由于语法结构的需要，而是为了使译文意思完整而做出的必要的补充或说明。
1、Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age.
如今，允许离校的年龄定在16岁，许多女孩过了这个年龄还要继续在学校里学习。
2、The hull was sheathed on the outside with lead that was fixed to the timber with bronze tacks which helped the wooden frame survive 2000 years under the sea.
船体外部包着一层用铜钉固定在船板上的铅皮，这有助于木制框架在海底浸泡两千年不腐。

三、修辞性增补：适当增加一些词语，把原文中带有感情色彩的语气表达出来。
1、At 35, she had first learned what it is to be a mother.
她到35岁的时候，才生平第一次尝到了做母亲的滋味。
2、It's a bit fishy that the old man should have given away a villa like that.
那么好端端的一座别墅，那个老头儿竟然白白送人，个中颇有蹊跷。
3、Looking back over his experience, he said, "It's terrible at the time, but after a while you get used to it."
他谈了自己的这些经历，然后又接着说：“当时的确很可怕，可是过些时候也就习惯了。”
4、Where was his smile and hearty hand grasp?
他的笑容、他和别人握手时那股热情劲儿，都哪儿去了呢？

四、外化性增补：在翻译时酌情增加一些简短的说明以助了解。
1、The crafty enemy was ready to launch a new attack while holding out the olive branch.
狡猾的敌人，一边伸出橄榄枝，表示愿意讲和，一边在准备发动新的进攻。
2、He discovered thousands of previously unidentified rock art sites across Arnhem Land.
在澳大利亚北部地区阿纳姆地，他发现了成千上万个以前从未有人识别的石艺场址。
3、Can the leopard change his spots?
豹子改变不了身上的斑纹，这叫本性难移。
4、Some people take sharp exception to girls' exposure to their neck and shoulders and men's being stripped to the waist in public.
有一些人十分反对女孩子在公共场所坦胸露背，对男人当中光着上身也很反感，认为是有伤风化。
5、although stores like Fortnums, once trailblazing in this grand experiment, now only stock tinned foie gras.
即使在一度大张旗鼓进行尝试的福特纳姆茨（Fortmums）等商店里，现在也只是鹅肝酱罐头尚有库存，其他罐头均已售罄。